{"id":40417,"date":"2026-03-07T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/explorecatholic.nl\/nieuws\/baraniak-you-cant-act-like-a-swine-the-salesian-bishop-who-defied-stalinism\/"},"modified":"2026-03-07T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T11:00:00","slug":"baraniak-you-cant-act-like-a-swine-the-salesian-bishop-who-defied-stalinism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/explorecatholic.nl\/en\/nieuws\/baraniak-you-cant-act-like-a-swine-the-salesian-bishop-who-defied-stalinism\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Baraniak, you can\u2019t act like a swine\u2019: The Salesian bishop who defied Stalinism"},"content":{"rendered":"

WARSAW, Poland \u2014 From Nicaragua to Nigeria, Belarus to China, the Catholic Church is once again facing repression in many parts of the globe. Among those whose witness speaks directly to that reality is Archbishop Antoni Baraniak (1904\u20131977), a forgotten dry martyr of Stalinism who refused to betray the primate of Poland despite suffering months of extremely painful and humiliating tortures.<\/p>\n

Baraniak was born to a farming family in the Greater Poland region, then part of the German partition of Poland. At 16, he entered the Salesian novitiate in O\u015bwi\u0119cim and was ordained a priest in 1930. In 1933, the primate of Poland, Cardinal August Hlond, Baraniak\u2019s fellow Salesian, appointed the latter as his secretary.<\/p>\n

Six years later, after the fall of Poland, the Polish government urged Hlond to flee the country, first to Rome and then Lourdes. <\/p>\n

The cardinal used this as an opportunity to write reports detailing Hitler\u2019s atrocities in Poland addressed to Pope Pius XII and organize humanitarian aid for war refugees; Baraniak assisted him in these efforts. <\/p>\n

In 1943, Hlond was arrested by the Gestapo and would be freed only after the liberation of France; during Hlond\u2019s absence, Baraniak continued the former\u2019s humanitarian efforts.\u00a0<\/p>\n

In 1948, Hlond died, and the new primate, Blessed Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski<\/a>, retained Baraniak as his secretary. Three years later, Baraniak was appointed auxiliary bishop of Gniezno, Poland\u2019s first capital and oldest Catholic see.<\/p>\n

Arrest and torture<\/h2>\n

At this point, Poland was behind the Iron Curtain. The Stalinist persecution of the Polish Church reached its climax in 1953, with many priests and laypeople arrested on trumped-up charges. <\/p>\n

Baraniak was detained for maintaining contacts with the anti-communist Freedom and Independence Association (Wolno\u015b\u0107 i Niezawis\u0142o\u015b\u0107, WiN). He was jailed at the notorious Mokot\u00f3w prison in Warsaw, run by the Ministry of Public Security, Poland\u2019s equivalent of the NKVD.<\/p>\n

Archbishop Antoni Baraniak of Pozna\u0144, Poland, in an undated photo. Baraniak served as archbishop of Pozna\u0144 from 1957 until his death in 1977 after enduring imprisonment and torture under Poland\u2019s Stalinist regime. | Credit: Institute of National Remembrance Archive\/Wikimedia (CC0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Other anti-communist bishops were then imprisoned in Mokot\u00f3w (Wyszy\u0144ski, meanwhile, was held in several isolated former monasteries across Poland), including Bishop Czes\u0142aw Kaczmarek of Kielce, who in a Stalinist show trial had been falsely charged with being a Nazi collaborator, and Wojciech Zink, the heroic ethnic German apostolic administrator of Warmia whose \u201ccrime\u201d was refusing to sign a statement condemning the Polish primate.<\/p>\n

Baraniak was kept in Mokot\u00f3w for 27 months. During this time, he was starved and beaten; his fingernails were ripped off; and he was often kept in solitary confinement, naked, in a freezing, claustrophobic cell filled with human excrement. He was brutally interrogated 145 times yet never signed statements falsely vilifying Wyszy\u0144ski; his refusal made it more difficult for the regime to later manufacture accusations in a campaign defaming the primate.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Signing such statements could have instantly ended Baraniak\u2019s agony. In Jolanta Hajdasz\u2019s documentary \u201c\u017bo\u0142nierz Niez\u0142omny Ko\u015bcio\u0142a\u201d (\u201cThe Indomitable Soldier of the Church\u201d) Marek J\u0119draszewski, archbishop emeritus of Krakow and Lodz, quotes Baraniak\u2019s priestly acquaintance as saying that after each interrogation, the jailed bishop would tell himself, \u201cBaraniak, you can\u2019t act like a swine.\u201d<\/p>\n

Archbishop of Pozna\u0144<\/h2>\n

Amid a post-Stalin thaw, Baraniak was freed in 1956. The Holy See nominated him to be the new archbishop of Poznan; the communist regime accepted, apparently confident that the emaciated, sickly Baraniak\u2019s ministry would be brief.<\/p>\n

Indeed, Baraniak led the Archdiocese of Poznan for 20 years. During this time, the Salesian bishop took to heart St. John Bosco\u2019s concern for the young, promoting youth ministry and vocations, ordaining an impressive 600 priests during his episcopacy. <\/p>\n

Baraniak participated in all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council; he urged his fellow council fathers to speak up explicitly in defense of Christians persecuted by communist regimes. He maintained contacts with the underground Church in Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, even clandestinely ordaining Czech priests. <\/p>\n

Archbishop Antoni Baraniak of Pozna\u0144 (right) and Blessed Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski, primate of Poland, are seen outside St. Peter\u2019s Basilica at the Vatican in an undated photo. | Credit: Archiwum Archidiecezjalne w Poznaniu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During the Polish bishops\u2019 ad limina visit to Rome, Pius XII introduced Baraniak to Roman Curia officials with the words: \u201cEcco il vero martire\u201d (\u201cHere is a true martyr\u201d).<\/p>\n

A week before Baraniak\u2019s death, Cardinal Karol Wojty\u0142a visited the hospitalized archbishop of Poznan. \u201cYour Excellency, the Church in Poland will never forget that you defended her under the worst possible circumstances,\u201d he said. A year later, Wojty\u0142a would be elected pope and become a true spokesman for the persecuted Church.<\/p>\n

Cause for beatification<\/h2>\n

In October 2017, the Archdiocese of Pozna\u0144 announced it would open a cause for beatification for its heroic former shepherd; four years later, the Congregation (now Dicastery) for the Causes of Saints<\/a>\u00a0stated<\/a> a cause would be opened upon sufficient evidence of \u201clively devotion\u201d to the bishop. <\/p>\n

Meanwhile, in 2024, the Polish Parliament declared the Year of Archbishop Antoni Baraniak. For many, a blessed Baraniak would be a perfect intercessor not only for the Church persecuted in many parts of the world but also for the faithful in every circumstance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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